United Stated Successful Foreign Policies - 2043 Words

Ebtehal Alqarni History 5-6-2015 Final Exam Q1/ UNITED STATED SUCCESSFUL FOREIGN POLICIES: THE MARSHALL PLAN: After the world war II Europe was completely ravaged and had to face a serious bleak of aftermath of war. People had no food to eat and no shelter to live. Majority of European regions were destroyed and was in dire need of help to uplift the state back to its original condition or at least could arrange basic necessities of people as quickly as possible. So, in order to pull out Europe of the devastation The United States designed a foreign policy The Marshall Plan under the presidentship of Harry S. Truman on April 3, 1948. The plan was designed to support Europe in arranging for food, shelter, infrastructural recovery†¦show more content†¦It played a major role in changing the business perspective between Europe and U.S. It helped European countries to pass the initial phases of post war unfavorable conditions. However, the U.S apart from supporting Europe also wanted to lower down the biggest threat of communism to spread. The aid was also offered to Soviet Union but was turned down by them as they considered it an attempt by U.S to set its control in communist regions. Overall the plan was highly efficient and proved to be a support to the war affected countries and also to U.S in hindering communism to spread. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION: World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international trade organization which was set up on January 1, 1995. It was developed with the participation of 161 states. The purpose of WTO is to design different agreements relating to trade with the mutual consent of the members companies, setting out trade rules and principles among different countries. WTO aims at reducing obstacles in trade and business between the countries and look into disputes that arise in nature of trade. The prime function of WTO is to provide a framework for manufacturers, importers, exporters and businesses through which they can regulate their working boundaries. In this era of globalization there was a need of an

Case Assignment Benzene exposure Free Essays

Introduction Benzene which is also known as benzol is an organic compound that is colorless, highly flammable and with a sweet odor. It tends to evaporate quickly when left exposed. It is a chemical compound that is normally formed by a natural process such as volcanic formation or forest fires. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Assignment Benzene exposure or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also formed from hydrocarbons. It was said to be present as a â€Å"component of the cigarette smoke† (ACS, 2008). Some of it physical properties are a relatively high melting point and high solubility in water. It is mostly use as a solvent in most chemical industries. It functions ranges from the production of drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber to dyes production where it mostly serves as the precursors of such industrial products. Route of exposure Benzene exposure has a lot of health impact and there are mostly three ways in which an individual can be exposed to benzene toxicity, these are inhalational route, ingestion and transdermal absorption (Media Fact, 2008). Inhalation of benzene is usually as a result of the breathing of the benzene fumes. Benzene fumes are inhaled easily because benzene is an extremely volatile organic compound and this kind of exposure is one of the deadliest because of it immediate contact with the lung parenchyma. This then elicit a lot neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tachycardia (increase in heart rate), tremors and subsequent death if untreated on time. Benzene ingestion result from eating of benzene laden foods or beverages and its noticeable symtoms are neurological while those of transdermal route usually result from contact with the benzene or benzene laden materials (Media Fact, 2008). The health problems cause by this route of benzene exposure â€Å"are erythema (reddening of the skin), scaling dermatitis, suppression of the hematopoietic system and pancytopenia† (Media Fact, 2008) Sources of Benzene Exposure The major sources of human exposure to benzene are environmental, occupational and consumer products. Benzene is usually released into air from sources like gasoline filling stations, underground leakage of petroleum, vehicular exhaust, cigarette smoke, waste products or sewage and some food products. Most of the occupational related benzene exposure are seen mainly in industries like those involve in rubber production, chemical plants, refineries and shipments and retail shops. Other sources include consumer products that are made of benzene such as glues, adhesives, cigarettes, paint and varnishes e. t. c Short and long term effects The short term effects of benzene exposure are â€Å"drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, tremors, confusion and unconsciousness† (ACS, 2008). The previous symptoms are as a result of exposure of about 700-300ppm while acute exposure of high dose results in vomiting, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, narcolepsy, convulsion and tachycardia. In extreme cases of high dose ingestion death usually results. The long term effect of benzene toxicity has been attributed to the interference with the normal blood cell production i. e. the hematopoietic cells. The sequeale of this is anemia and leucopenia. An individual with this will be immunocompromised hence such individual will be prone to opportunistic diseases. The long term effect can also be seen to result in reproductive organ dysfunction. Precautionary measures 1. The use of personal protective equipment such as gloves, apron and some other clothing materials. 2. Special training on equipments handling and usage 3. If there is accidental release of the benzene quick evacuation of such laboratory must be done urgently 4. Proper ventilation of the laboratory References ACS, (2008). Benzene. Prevention and early detection Retrieved Sept 4, 2008 From www. cancer. org/docroot/PED/content/PED_1_3X_Benzene. asp How to cite Case Assignment Benzene exposure, Papers

Against American Independence Speech free essay sample

As a member of the Second Continental Congress see the other side of the King. He is not I tyrant and is just misunderstood. The king was only doing his duty by protecting his colonies from the French and Indians. For this we are forever in debt to the British rule. As William Pit said The war would be paid by the king. The war cost much more than expected, therefore, he needs our assistance to pay for it. Parliament is just trying to help by passing acts. We should not at so quickly in breaking ties with our mother country. We will write a custom essay sample on Against American Independence Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our role as British colonist is to support Britain rather than to separate. We should obey he kings decision because he is concerned with benefiting the interest of our people. So as a group we should not draw up a declaration of independence. As British colonies We should embrace our British heritage and have national pride in our mother country. By severing the ties we could lose British protection and many families could experience conflict. Instead of participating in rebellious acts such as the Boston Tea Party we should just cooperate.We should stop the spread of importation. We should also expel these radical ideas and show our respect towards England for the king is simply misunderstood. We are British subjects and therefore should not oppose British officials. Why should we oppose a centralized government in England? Parliament has formed organized laws that are reasonable. The power of the king is checked by parliament and we are represented through virtual representation. This representation is of the same manner of those who are living in Britain.The king has a greater purpose for what he does. The acts that him and parliament have enforced on us were meant to help the mother country. They strengthen England by regaining money lost by the Seven Years War. These acts help England to maintain a super power status. It is necessary for England to be a super power, so that we have greater protection from our enemies, therefore, the response to these acts, such as the sugar act, are unnecessary. Not only were taxes not paid but people boycotted British imports allowing importation to spread.Acts such as the Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, and Townsend revenue Acts were meant to strengthen Britain because the stronger the mother country the stronger her colonies. A greedy tyrant did not impose these acts on us, and we must participate in strengthening the mother country so that we may too become strengthened colonies and that all will become well again. During our time of colonizing in the new world, Britain practiced salutary neglect, in which the laws were not as enforced with the new settlements.The motherland was making money, and therefore, lenient on their rules, giving us more freedom. After they protected us in the war with the French, they are in debt and must find a means Of profit. Now is the time to support our leaders and enforce laws to help pay them back. Although there are many who oppose the king anyways and call for a declaration of independence leading to a revolution, they are foolish for we do not have the power nor wealth to do so. Separating from Britain could cause us to fall from the Triangular Trade.We complain of the taxes caused from the Seven Years War how could we expect to pay the cost of a revolution. Separating from Britain would cause a severe decline in our economy. We should not draw up a declaration of independence for the king is simply misunderstood. He has done his duty by protecting us and it is our duty to repay him. We are British subjects and should stop opposing British rule. Separating from Britain would cause a loss of protection and a decline in our economy. We should be nationalist of Britain and help maintain Britains status as a super power.

Women in Ancient Greece Essay Example

Women in Ancient Greece Essay Whereas married women seldom crossed the thresholds of their own front door, adolescent girls were lucky if they were allowed as far as the inner courtyard since they had to stay where they could not be seen well away even from the male members of the family. (Cohen p. 3-4) The social status of women during ancient Greece were found ranks below men and not treated as equals as they have no social standing nor bearing in the Grecian society. As the society is purely dominated by the male populous, the female citizens of ancient Greece were expected to be prim and proper and even as not being able to fraternize with their own very male member of their family. They are all segregated to avoid any other misconceptions of their honor and their purity as women. In the entirety of the Grecian culture, women’s stature somewhat differs from place to place depending on the region that they are in and as well as following cultural responsibilities that they are expected to abide. The social status of women in different parts of Greece greatly differs from one and the other. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Ancient Greece specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Ancient Greece specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Ancient Greece specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The majority of Cycladic marble vessels and sculptures were produced during the Grotta-Pelos and Keros-Syros periods. Early Cycladic sculpture comprises predominantly female figures that range from simple modification of the stone to developed representations of the human form, some with natural proportions and some more idealized (Metmuseum, Par. 3). In the Cycladic era – Cycladic women were expected to rear and take care of their children. Harvesting of crops, tending to fruits and vegetables, tending to docile livestock, creating pottery, weaving, and spinning were most of the women’s duties. This has made a strong divide between the duties of both women and men – leaving the light duties to the women and the larger responsibilities to the men. â€Å"Cycladic Idol I† is a female figure standing. Made of resin and is roughly forty centimeters tall and fourteen centimeters in length. This piece was meticulously carved in parts of two dimensions as well as its curves in three dimensional aspects. Most of the artifacts found in this era is purely depicted by women rather than males. These idols, such as the one mentioned awhile ago, were used religiously as part of ceremonies, rituals, and funerals. The Minoan period was found in Crete. The Minoan culture predominantly shows the practice of worshipping goddesses which suggests that this culture had a high level of degree of respect towards women. This might be even exceeding the expectations of other cultures during that time. Most of the Minoan women were given religious offices and given positions in authority. This culture shows a great dependence on their female population as they needed a lot of future generations to sustain and ensure a future for their society. â€Å"Minoan Snake Goddess† circa 1600BCE, was thirty-four centimeters high and made of faience. This idol shows a woman elaborately dressed yet exposing both of her breasts. Her arms are wide apart and in both of her hands she is seen holding a snake in each fist. She is seen wearing a hat in the shape of a cat which could either be a lion sitting down or a leopard. She is seen wearing a full length skirt with seven flounces and a girdle. Her breasts are exposed as suggesting that she is a household goddess specializing with fertility. Yet as she is holding two snakes in her fists, these snakes depict male fertility. Normally, Minoan women are simply dressed but with this idol, it suggests that the women in those times were highly regarded. The Mycenaean period came to through the end of the late bronze-age. This period has women become chiefly concerned with religious rituals, rites, and ceremonies. Mycenaean women were alike with Minoan women in regards to their statutory rights, public duties, and religious offices. Mycenaean women were often seen as highly skilled, public administrators, and often played sports. As Minoan women were highly regarded, so as Mycenaean women were. As with â€Å"The Procession of Women† which is part of the late Helladic period, shows five women carrying offerings to one of their deities. (Thera Par. 13) More often than not, women recurrently appears as a higher form of being that most average Grecian women are expected to become, as most religious rites and ceremonies which are officiated generally by women as mediators to their faith. Male attendants are not commonly seen as part of those religious activities.† The fresco painting of â€Å"Saffron Gatherers† by Xeste III, found in Akrotiri. This was dated back as 1550-1450 BCE as part of the late Minoan era. In the Minoan era, women who are depicted as goddesses and deities are of equal rank as their male counterpart unlike those of their followers.   In this frieze, the women are depicted to gather saffron as part of a ritual or ceremony or it may be an offering to a beloved deity. This fresco also goes to show that equality between men and women can be achieved but it cannot say that it can transcend into the lives of their subjects. With these various art pieces, one may be able to tell that since early ancient Greece, women have become symbols of fertility, of the households, and lesser than men. Most of the Grecian beliefs do not entirely put down women, but they also deify idols and deities as per their cultural and superstitious beliefs. If one can notice that the role of women in ancient Greece has somewhat evolved in most parts than most. Like in Sparta and in Athens, Spartan women are expected to be strong as their husbands are and nearly as equal to men. With Athenian women, they are mere objects of desire that are given via contract to men who can be beneficial to the women’s family. In the Classical Greece period, Grecian women were regarded lesser than slaves and prostitutes. The latter were given certain liberties and freedom but not as much as Grecian Women. As for Athenian women, from child birth to coming of age, women are treated differently than their male counter parts. The girls are not taught to read and write but taught domestic skills such as spinning, cooking, and child rearing. Most of the girls are not excluded from participating in festivals, fairs, and religious rites in which they are a major part of the events. Arranged marriages are religiously fixed by the patriarch of the family, where in a marital contract is usually drawn and accompanied by dowry to be given to the bridegroom. The dowry is handled by the bride’s brother to ensure that if the husband dies, he is the one elected to find another husband for his sister. Women during those times were considered as objects and not as equals to men. (Women, Par. 4) â€Å"Lekythos† is a terracotta, black figure standing almost eighteen centimeters high and dated around 550CE 530CE. Normally a Lekythos is used for funerary purposes, but with this vessel shows a marriage scene that may have been a gift to a young bride to her wedding. Weaving as seen in the vessel depicts the domesticity and devoutly religious. This also shows the start and end of weaving done by women in classical Greece. This also goes for the following art piece: â€Å"Penelope at the Loom† dated 440BCE, shows Penelope distraught with Telemachus looking over as she tries to find ways to hinder her would be suitors in marrying her as Oddyseus has been long gone for quite awhile. This red figure depicts that a woman cannot continue on living without a husband at her side. In order to continue with tradition and the culture of the region, an abandoned wife must have a husband to carry over the affairs of the property as the woman does not have any rights or control over her husband’s properties – unlike their Spartan counterparts. â€Å"Warrior’s Departure†by Kleophon Stamnos has a young wife and an old mother at the departure of a warrior who is a son and a husband. The duty of the young wife to her husband must be fulfilled and she must wait until his return. If for some reason that he does not return, the young wife is bound to subservience to the husband’s family. In the art pieces, starting in the Cycladic period, the female pieces are predominant rather than male pieces yet male dominancy prevails. This goes through out to the classical period, Mycenaean, and Minoan period which the latter periods do show that women are equal in rights and in stature as men are as depicted by their deities. The art pieces mentioned above has shed some light as evidences and proofs that the role of women in ancient Greece has been elevated up to a certain extent. Norms depends on the societies that they found in. Over the period of years the stature of women has evolved into some form of equality between genders. Most historians and people might see that women were not equally treated right in ancient Greece. One must take note that the period that they were in was purely male-dominated and it was common belief (depending on the region that you are in) that women are supposed to be found inside houses and not on the streets. As liberties may be taken advantage of and a woman who is unaccompanied might be mistaken for a wanton. Ideally the perception of women in a male dominated world has been to safeguard the purity and sanctity of their female citizens. Women’s rights, roles, and statures, has been dictated by the period and norms that they currently live in.   During the early periods women were treated as objects as of no worth. Women are not allowed to be more learned than the men who should dominate in every arena that they can set foot onto. This generally happens except for certain parts in ancient Greece. It is highly unlikely that the stature of women should change, elevated to a much higher calling such as being part of highly religious ceremonies, rituals, and rites. That bestows upon then the exclusivity of such worship to be done by females. Overall, as the times have changed perceptions, norms, and way of thinking can change as seen over the periods in ancient Greece. Most of the people have accepted the way of life of different women in different parts of Greece but then again it really depends on the culture and traditions practiced in those regions. The status of women in that particular period was in a way beneficial for women as they are accepted into a male dominated society not as slaves but as prime objects of whose value is to cater to the needs and wants of man. In one point of view the art pieces show that the women’s status has gradually improved over many eras and to some elevated into god like statuses when it comes to religious rites and practices. It is a mixed review on how scholars and other historians see the status of women as to some, they were badly treated. To others, women were very well off in their positions as men. What one must do is o assess the person’s situation as per their status at those times. Even if Ancient Greece was purely male dominated, women were given measures of protection as to not to endanger themselves, the honor of her family, and to the entire community. If one uses contemporary beliefs and point of views to gauge the status of women back then – it would certainly fail and end up confusion, as liberties seen today were not practiced or even thought of at those periods. The correct analysis of these situations should have a sound and moral background. Norms, beliefs, and morals change over time, and some do. With the welfare of women in Grecian times, it certainly has come a long way from their meager subservience to being deified in religious halls of ceremonies.

Levi Strauss Co. and the ERP Failure

Levi Strauss Co. and the ERP Failure Introduction Levi Strauss Co. is the large U.S. clothing company which was founded in San Francisco in 1853 by Levi Strauss, the immigrant from Bavaria. Today, it is one of the most popular clothing brands in the world which produces the high quality denim jeans. Levi Strauss Co. is one of the leaders in the apparel industry, and this brand is present in more than 100 countries all over the world. The company is famous for the significant percentage of sales round the globe because of the brand’s reputation and recognition among customers. That is why, operating within the markets of many countries, Levi Strauss Co. employs more than ten thousands of employees in order to represent the company world wide (Levi Strauss Co, 2013). In 2008, the problems with implementing SAP ERP caused the problems with fulfilling orders. As a result, during a week, the orders were fulfilled incorrectly, and the company faced the economic decline of 98% in net income. Problem Statement and th e Consequences of the ERP Failure SAP ERP was implemented in the company during the first part of 2008, but in the second quarter of 2008, different technical issues prevented Levi Strauss Co. from fulfilling the orders correctly during the whole week. Thus, the drawbacks in the SAP ERP implementation caused the economic decline of the company in 2008. Consequently, the technical errors and problems in the SAP ERP implementation contributed to the significant economic losses associated with the decline in 98% in the company’s net income.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Strauss Co. and the ERP Failure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Causes of the Problem It was found that the technical errors and internal control problems connected with the work of SAP ERP were determined after the system had been implemented in the company. Furthermore, there were significant difficulties in the connection and integra tion of the necessary legacy systems. However, the company’s management did not pay the necessary attention to fixing and overcoming the problem. Thus, the causes for the SAP ERP failure are in ignoring the importance of the appropriate connection and integration of the legacy systems, ignoring the necessary testing, insufficient employee training, and the lack of the adequate management participation (Levi Strauss Co, 2013). Recommendations and the Solution Explanation To provide the solution to the situation associated with the SAP ERP failure in Levi Strauss Co., it is necessary to propose the alternative program to be used in the company. The appropriate program is based on the integration and management of such company’s operations as the planning of the company’s operations, order entry, distribution, e-commerce, accounting, logistics, human resource management, and customer relationship management. The program based on the Oracle ERP and reporting platf orms should unite all the company’s departments in one complex system which operates the enterprise-wide information and resources. The program based on the Oracle ERP should be incorporated into the existing SAP ERP system following the principles of the parallel implementation when the work of the SAP ERP system is supported with the work of the Oracle ERP system in order to cover all the fields of the company’s operations. From this point, operating the ERP platform, the program cannot be discussed as independent from the other systems. Referring to the principles of the ERP, the basic users are associated with accounting, finance, logistics, and production in order to realize the effective planning of operations and to contribute to the company’s progress (Baltzan, Phillips, Detlor, 2012, p. 128-131).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a r esult, the expected solution based on the Oracle ERP platform can be provided in the Excel format as the format actively used by the program operators because of its sufficiency and appropriateness to analyze and report the necessary data. The key variables which should be examined and analyzed with references to the system are the program’s simplicity, its flexibility, the potential for control, costs, the ability to provide the necessary integration, and accessibility (Baltzan, Phillips, Detlor, 2012, p. 128-129). That is why, the program based on the Oracle ERP platform can be discussed as effective to be integrated within the company to enhance planning, scheduling, forecasting, purchasing, and distribution activities. From this point, the use of the Oracle ERP along with the SAP ERP is possible only with references to the significant top management commitment and involvement in the process regulations and with the focus on the change management principles. The Advantage s of Implementing New Recommendations for the Company The focus on the integration of the Oracle ERP based program along with the SAP ERP within Levi Strauss Co. can be discussed as the effective strategy to overcome the issues associated with the SAP ERP failure in 2008. The program developed to reproduce the functions of the Oracle ERP is necessary to improve the operations’ coordination within the company and to provide the immediate response to the detected errors in the system’s work. Thus, the systems which work on the same platform can be used for the integration and to support each other while combining the work of the systems’ elements. Such work of the systems which improves the coordination among the company’s departments can solve the problem and prevent the possible errors in the future. Thus, the use of the proposed program can guarantee a lot of benefits for the company, and these benefits and advantages are closely connected with the poss ibilities to reduce costs, to provide the necessary technical support of the decision-making process, to guarantee the company’s increased agility, and to respond to the company’s transactional, informational, and different strategic needs. From this point, the purpose of the program’s use is in the reduction of operational costs and in the increase of the company’s efficiency. The solution based on the principles of the enterprise resource planning is effective to be used in Levi Strauss Co. because the previously implemented program also depended on this platform which was chosen by the company’s managers as effective to promote the e-commerce and operational activities. The program is appropriate to organize the cooperative work of all the units and departments and to stimulate the progress of the change management within the company. Along with responding to the company’s current problems in ordering, purchasing, and delivery of the pro ducts, the new implemented program can be discussed as effective to be actively used by managers to stimulate their involvement in predicting the potential successes and failures and in planning the coordinated work of all the company’s departments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Levi Strauss Co. and the ERP Failure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is why, the focus on the new program which can be successfully implemented according to the idea of the parallel implementation with the SAP ERP system is also necessary to promote the managerial decision-making processes. References Baltzan, P., Phillips, C., Detlor, B. (2012). Business driven information systems. Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Levi Strauss Co. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.levistrauss.com/who-we-are/company/

Casestudy-Ecotourism-in-India

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines ecotourism as: â€Å" environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features both past and present) that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations† (IUCN, 1996). The travel industry defines ecotourism as: â€Å"purposeful travel that creates an understanding of cultural and natural history, while safeguarding the integrity of the ecosystem and producing economic benefits that encourage conservation . . . The long-term survival of this special type of travel is inextricably linked to the existence of the natural resources that support it† (Bandy, 1996 quoting: Ryel and Grasse 1991:164). The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as: â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people†. According to the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) tourism that involves travelling to relatively undisturbed natural areas with the specified objective of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects [both of the past and the present] found in these areas is defined as ecotourism. An optimum number of environment friendly visitor activities, which do not have any serious impact on the ecosystem and the local community and the positive involvement of the local community in maintaining the ecological balance are some of its key elements (UNWTO, 2002i). With very little consensus between the industry, indigenous and local communities and other government and non-government organizations on the definition of ecotourism, it is being been touted by the industry as the wonderful antidote to the development problems of hitherto untouched areas in India. Ecotourism is today the unique selling proposition of the tourism industry and is being used to bring more and more tourists to fragile regions like the forests and coasts. With nature and culture being the prime attraction it is only logical that the Ministry for Tourism and Culture, state tourism departments and the tourism industry are selling India as an important ecotourism destination. 1. Hypothesis The hypothesis that was considered for the case study was: Newer biodiversity rich areas, under Protected Area status or otherwise, are being rapidly opened for ecotourism. In the absence of coherent policy, regulation and guidelines, current form of ecotourism has impacted biodiversity; lives and governance systems of communities. This has resulted in loss of rights and benefits arising from use of biological resources to communities. Women are particularly affected as they confront increasing problems of social evils, finding wherewithal from even distant locations and reduced say in matters that affect them. 2. Research questions Based on the hypothesis, the following research questions were formulated: a. What are the areas that have been opened up? b. What is the status of laws, policy and guidelines for ecotourism? c. What are the impacts of ecotourism on biodiversity and community governance? d. What are the impacts on women? For the purpose of this case study, the research questions that have been taken up pertain to areas that have been opened up for ecotourism, status of laws, policy and guidelines for ecotourism, and impacts of ecotourism on community governance only. 3. Methodology a. Geographical scope The states that were selected for the case study are: i. ii. Andaman Nicobar Islandsii Chhattisgarh 2 iii. iv. Madhya Pradesh Uttarakhand (earlier Uttaranchal) These states were selected on the basis of being diverse ecosystems with predominantly indigenous populations, which are the selling propositions of ecotourism. The Andaman Islands are an archipelago situated in the Bay of Bengal and are the home for four primitive tribes that are almost on the verge of extinction the Great Andamanese, Jarawas, Onges and Sentinelese. Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are located in Central India and comprise of forest ecosystems that contribute significantly to the forest cover and biological diversity of the country. Chhattisgarh is a tribal state and was carved out of Madhya Pradesh in 2001, both these states are home to indigenous groups like Baiga, Bhil, Gond, Birhor, Munda Korwa, Munda and many others. Uttarakhand is located in the mountain ecosystems of the Himalayas and the trans-Himalayan hill ranges of the Shivaliks, and forest ecosystems. Uttarakhand is also a tribal state which was created from Uttar Pradesh in 2001. The main indigenous peoples’ groups in Uttarakhand are Bhotia, Buksa, Jannsari, Raji, Tharu and Didihat. b. Research design i. Secondary data The main secondary sources of data that were inter alia examined were: †¢ †¢ Official websites of the respective state governments and Government of India Promotional material and information provided by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture Government of India and tourism departments of the respective states ii. Primary data †¢ Interviews – This was the main method of data collection administered to the government and to local community representatives. An interview guideline was prepared containing a detailed list of questions and checklist for every department / official being interviewed. Data collected from interviews was documented through notes taken by the interviewers rather than through tape or video recordings as the latter would not have been appropriate with several government officials. Focus group discussions – In order to collective perspectives from local community members, focus group consultations were organised. A discussion guideline was prepared for the conducting the discussions. Data from the focus group discussions has been documented in writing and through audio visuals. 3 †¢ Field observation – Field observation has been another important instr ument for collecting qualitative data, especially for socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism activity. At each field site, a considerable amount of time was spent at different locations to observe tourist behaviour, interaction of tourists with local people and the impacts of such interaction. Data recorded through field observation was immediately documented. †¢ Participant observation – Here, members of the research team went as tourists to different sites to observe tourist behaviour, and to get first-hand experience of how local community members viewed and interacted with tourists. Observations were documented through field notes. iii. Ethical considerations The general principles followed in developing this case study are as follows: †¢ †¢ †¢ all subjects and respondents should take part freely and on the basis of informed consent; ensuring the confidentiality of information and anonymity of names wherever requested; ensuring that data is neither fake nor plagiarised and that results are not falsified. 4. Ecotourism as a Market Based Conservation Mechanism a. Areas that have been opened for ecotourism i. Andaman Nicobar Islands The Department of Environment Forests Andaman Nicobar Islands Administration has proposed to open up the following islands for ecotourism. The details of the ecotourism activities are mentioned in the divisional working plans approved by the Supreme Court. The various islands are: North Andamans 1. Saddle Peak 2. Ross Island 3. Kalipur Beach 4. Kalpong hydro power project 5. Ramnagar Beach 6. Karmatang Beach 7. Ray Hill 8. Curlew Island Middle Andamans 13. Long Island 14. Guitar Island 15. Cuthbert Bay 16. Merk Bay 17. Barren Island (live volcano) South Andamans 18. Rutland 19. Wandoor 20. Chidiyatapu 21. Mount Harriet 22. Shoal Bay 23. Constance Bay 4 9. Interview Island 10. Sound Island 11. Stewart Island 12. Nariyal Balu Apart from the above, the Ministry of Tourism – Government of India has announced an enhancement of private investment from Rs. 5 crore to Rs. 100 crore (equivalent to US$ 1. 1 21. 8 million) in 2004 to build super resorts and luxurious hotels in both the island groups of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweepiii; ten islands were identified in Andamans including Havelock and North Passage. The Directorate of Information, Publicity and Tourism, the nodal agency for tourism in the Islands, has also proposed a new ecotourism circuit at Baratang in November 2004iv. The then Lt. Governor Dr. Kapse had earlier inaugurated eco-huts at Mount Harriet National Park for ‘ecotourists† in July 2004v. ii. Chhattisgarh The state of Chhattisgarh has several ‘virgin attractions’ in protected areas such as Kanger Valley National Park, Barnawapara, Sitanadi, Udanti and Achanakmar Sanctuaries. Mainpat (Surguja), Keshkal valley (Kanker), Chaiturgarh (Bilaspur), Bagicha (Jashpur), Kutumbsar caves, Kailash caves, Tirathgarh falls, Chitrakot falls (Bastar), which â€Å"are all exhilarating destinations being promoted for nature and wildlife tourism. Wildlife areas, camping grounds and trekking facilities would be few of the prime attractions†. vi The policy also states that the endangered Wild Buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) and the even more endangered Hill Myna (Graculis religiosa peninsularis), the state animal and state bird respectively will be protected by ecotourism. Hence ecotourism will help in preserving these and other species of biodiversity. iii. Madhya Pradesh Proposed ecotourism sitesvii 7. 8. 9. Amarkantak and Dindori Forests Dumna Ecotourism Centre, Jabalpur Kathotia Adventure Point The ecotourism sites in Madhya Pradesh are: Existing ecotourism sites 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Kanha National Park Bandhavgarh National Park Panna National Park Pachmari and Satpura Tiger Reserve Pench

Effectiveness of the War on Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effectiveness of the War on Drugs - Essay Example The purpose was to create a central office for waging the war on drugs. Upon its establishment, the DEA was comprised of 1,470 Special Agents with a US$75 million budget. The DEA currently has 5,200 Special Agents with an operating budget of US$2.6 billion.3 Both sides of the argument have merits. In other words it is equally arguable that the War on Drugs is ineffective and that the War on Drugs is effective. Therefore the best that can be deduced is that it is virtually impossible to measure the effectiveness of the War on Drugs. To start with, it is difficult to devise a benchmark for measuring the War on Drugs. For instance, is the War on Drugs measured by reference to the expenditure and the prevalence of drug use and exploitation? Or is it fair to measure the effectiveness of the War on Drugs by identifying the percentage of non-users? Each of these methods of measurements raise significant questions relative to their validity. For instance, if the expenditure were less would t he problems of drug use be greater? If there was no War on Drugs would the percentage of users be greater? Regardless, the US government and a majority of governments are determined to control drug use and production. Meanwhile, drug users and drug producers are just as determined to continue producing and using drugs. In measuring the effectiveness of the War on Drugs both of these factors are significant. The main question is whether or not drug users and producers’ determination to use controlled substances is matched by governments’ determination to control the use and production of illicit drugs.... n question is whether or not drug users and producers’ determination to use controlled substances is matched by governments’ determination to control the use and production of illicit drugs. In this regard, the US drug policy and its War on Drugs’ agenda is approached from a supply side initiative. In other words, the US government expresses its determination to control drug use and production by primarily focusing on interdicting drugs and thereby preventing its entry into the US. Given the extent of the drug problem in the US this interdiction oriented scheme is for the most part ineffective. Boyum and Reuter report that: Drugs are as accessible as ever as inflation-adjusted prices for cocaine and heroin have fallen by more than half.4 In other words, despite its best and most expensive efforts to prevent illicit drugs entering the US, these drugs continue to be available on the streets of the US. In fact Stokes reports that despite the War on Drugs, increasing ly, the street price of heroin and cocaine in the US has fallen and yet at the same time has improved in its quality and content.5 It would therefore appear that the supply side approach to the War on Drugs expresses a determination to cut off the supply of drugs to the US and by doing so curtail production and use. However, this determination is not matched by the determination to produce and use illicit drugs since all indications are that drugs are not only continuing to enter the US, but they are continuing to be used excessively. What these outcomes reveal is that the primary technique of taking a supply side approach to the War on Drugs is ineffective. The US government must therefore look at alternative methods for fighting the War on Drugs and expressing its determination to control illicit drug

Historical Development of Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Historical Development of Policing - Essay Example American officers conveyed weapons and has been under summon of politically named neighborhood area skippers. Remiss order prompted plenteous union. Significantly, police work has crucially grown from what it was hundreds of years prior. Nowadays, casual foundations of socialization and social control, such as the family, schools, and the congregation, diminished in viability, police turned out to be progressively vital (Schaible & Gecas, 2010). Policing in a free society is not a simple assignment. The discussion in the middle of opportunity and protection from one perspective and social control and disorder on the other is likely a standout amongst the most troublesome issues that face a socialized society. It is important to point out a number of challenges the police officers are bound to face at work. Essentially, police work keeps on being required for upkeep of proper order, and considerably even more so in present day society in view of the nations differences. Yet, not everyone preferences the work of police and their officers. People often see them even from a pessimistic standpoint times and they are used to such a situation (Schaible & Gecas, 2010). In any case, it causes police officers to feel the need to watch out so that someone cannot take a swing, punch, kick, or hit them with anything. Another thing that is a great challenge of a policing job is issues connected with health, both physical and mental. Employment issues supercede family matters, which regularly has extreme outcomes, as the police officer thinks about saving people in danger firsthand, even before thinking about own health and the wellbeing of the family. Huge anxiety can be caused by the way police officers work - shifts. Officers encounter a sort of plane slack with continually evolving movements. The human body takes roughly one full 24-hour day to conform to each hour of time change (Sanders, 2003).

Individual Assignment Final Examination Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Final Examination Essay Write a 700-1000 word response to the following questions:  · How would you identify and characterize the roles of incentives, training, and education in promoting innovation in your organization? (250 words max.)  ·Ã‚   What is the role of leadership in creating, managing, and sustaining innovation in your organization? (250 words max.)  ·Ã‚   What are the ethical implications of an individual reward system? Support your answer. (250 words max.) Would you describe your organization as innovative or non-innovative? Why? Explain your answer. Do your best to get enough sleep and to eat regularly. Its easy to neglect these things when theres so much to do and when you are living on your own for the first time, but if you dont take care of yourself youre going to get sick and/or do poorly in your classes.

The Lord Of The Flies: Summary :: The Lord of the Flies

The Lord of the Flies: Summary The novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, an adventure and suspense story, is written in 1857. The story sets on an deserted Pacific coral island. A group of school boys are marooned on this island after a plane crash on a trip to Australia. The story begins with a large number of school boys on an uninhabited tropical island and two of the elder boys who have leadership qualities compete to achieve a semblance of order so as to survive. Ralph, who has found a conch and blows it to summon all the boys to a meeting, is concerned about the well being of everyone, while Jack is more concerned with making rules and punishing offenders. However, only one firm rule is established by Ralph and that is only the person holding the conch will be permitted to speak at meetings. The two leaders soon discover that they do not like each other because of their difference priorities and the conflict begins between them. It causes the group to split into two, with Jack=s followers being in the majority. Ralph is concerned with building shelters, arranging work and on being rescued but Jack only wants to roam the jungle and hunt. The failure to establish rules soon creates confusion and inappropriate behavior encouraged by Jack. Ralph=s only supporter is Piggy, a fat asthmatic boys who nobody likes because he is always lecturing and criticizing everyone=s behavior. Jack bullies him constantly and the other boys make fun of him. Jack and his followers spend most of their time hunting for wild pigs so Ralph=s efforts to organize the group fail. By now, most of the older boys are beginning to act like savages, hunting wild pigs, going into a frenzy when they succeed and celebrate their kill with wild dancing around a fire. One night during an air-battle, a body of a parachutist lands on the island and has become tangled on some rocks on the mountain. A rumor of a Abeast@ on their island discovers that the beast the parachutist but unfortunately never has the opportunity to tell the others. He is mistaken for the beast and is accidentally killed during a wild celebration feast that takes place after a successful hunt by Jack and his followers. Later on, Ralph=s last follower is also killed but not by accident. Ralph has lost all his followers and is pursued by the others who want to kill him. Will he survive? And who is the Lord of the Flies? The story, full of suspense and horror, captures my imagination and my

Financial Accounting Theory And Practice Essay

If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? The first of all, it is important to understand the mean by a ‘theory’. According to Contemporary Accounting Theory 4e, Oxford English Dictionary provides various definitions, including: A scheme or system of ideas or statements held as an explanation or account of a group of facts or phenomena A positive theory based on some assumptions and, through logical deduction, enables some predictions to be made about the way things will be. In particular, their success in explaining or predicting particular phenomena will then typically be assessed based on observation. For instance, Watts and Zimmerman’s positive theory of accounting relying on the other researchers such as Jensen and Meckling (1976) and Gordon(1964). A normative theory based on the norms (or values or beliefs) held by the researchers proposing the theories. For example, Chambers issue has paid attention by researchers, however, they recognised and measured in different ways. If I developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, I will develop a positive theory. (Word count: 170) QUESTION 2 – Question 1.3: What is a conceptual framework, and would it be considered to be a positive or a normative theory of accounting? According to IFRS website shows, the definition of Conceptual Framework follows: The Conceptual Framework sets out the concepts that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial statements. It is a practical tool that assists the IASB when developing and revising IFRSs. The objective of the Conceptual Framework project is to improve financial reporting by providing the IASB with a complete and updated set of concepts to use when it develops or revises standards. In term of accounting, the conceptual framework of accounting should be considered as a normative theory of accounting. Because of a normative theory based on the norms (or values or beliefs) held by the researchers proposing the theories. (Word count:111) QUESTION 3 – Question 1.27 (NEW): The International Accounting Standards Board has a number of roles, including formulating accounting standards and developing a conceptual framework. Is the work they do in developing an accounting standard or the conceptual framework normative or positive in nature? In the given circumstance, the conceptual framework of accounting is an example of a normative theory of accounting. Relying on various assumptions about the types or attributes of information useful for decision-making, The CFA provides guidance on how assets, liabilities, expenses, income and equity should be defined, when they should be recognized, and ultimately how they should be measured. It also shows in Australia Accounting Standards Board (AASB) website, The original framework document and any previous compiled version can be found using the Browse for pronouncements page In the table below, the Notes column identifies when the framework document listed is a compiled version. â€Å"Extra† identifies when additional IASB supporting material (e.g. Basis for Conclusions) is available. (Word count: 117) QUESTION 4 – Question 1.33 (NEW): In this chapter we provided quotes from Gray, Owen and Adams (2010), in which they discuss an apparent herding phenomenon that seems to be occurring in respect of the selection and use of particular theories. They state, ‘there has been a strange herding tendency, especially around legitimacy theory’, as well as stating that they ‘also have a sneaking feeling that institutional theory may be coming up fast as the next theory around which to herd’. What do they mean by this apparent practice of ‘herding’, and what are some possible advantages and disadvantages that are related to this practice? In the give circumstance, a common phenomenon in herding is the management of some enterprises, marker behaviour. As inadequate of information and lack of understanding, it is hard for investors to make reasonable expectations of future marker uncertainty, are often extract information by observing the behaviour of those around, in which information is continuously passed, many people will be roughly the same information and reinforce each other, resulting in the herd behaviour. ‘Herding’ is a kind of nonlinear mechanism of the non-rational behaviour resulting from individual rational behaviour of the collective. The advantages of the performance of ‘herding’ for the adoption of specific or temporary situation advantage concept and the way of behaviour is accepted on the long-term nature of the dominant idea and behaviour way. However, people will follow the public agree, to their own opinions with default negation, and not subjective thinking about the meaning of events. (Word count: 149) QUESTION 5 – Question 1.35 (NEW): Do we really need financial accounting theory if all we are interested in doing is developing accounting standards? In the given question, people really need financial accounting theory if  people interested in developing accounting standards. The progresses of theories are indicate how accounting should be done, describe and explain current accounting practices, predict accounting practice, provide principles to take into account when taking action or making decisions, and help to identify problems and deficiencies with current accounting practice and improve accounting practice Therefore, theories can prepare accounting standards state that fair value should be used when calculating goodwill on acquisition, depreciation should be calculated on the basis of useful economic life, etc. A theory of capital budgeting helps us with choosing among investments; a theory of revenue recognition helps to determine when and how revenue should be recognised; it might reveal deficiencies in the way we presently measure profit; or understanding deficiencies may promote change. Hence, the conceptual framework is used as a basis for drafting accounting standards. (Word count: 150)

Human Health Essay

Health in human beings includes physical, social and psychological well being or fitness. Changing weather patterns, for instance, extreme events affects human health directly or indirectly through changes in air, food quality and quantity, ecosystem agriculture, livelihood and infrastructure. Research on effects of climate change Confalonieri et al provided evidence climate change has; altered distribution of some infectious disease vectors altered the seasonal distribution of allergenic pollen species and increases heat wave-related deaths (2007). Seriousness of the effects of climate change is further manifested by increase in malnutrition and consequence disorders, including disorders related to child growth and development, increase in death, diseases, and body injury from heat waves, storms, fires and drought. As climate change, some infectious disease vector has change too; this has made them more resistant to traditional drugs. The change has also lend to mixed effects on malaria, in some places, the geographical range has contracted while in other places the range has expand and still in others the transmission season has changed. Transmission of water borne diseases like typhoid and cholera increases. The research has also proved an increase in cardio respiratory morbidity and mortality associated with ground level ozone. Non –communicable diseases, such as heart disease diabetes stroke and cancer are estimated to contribute about half of the global burden of all disease at all ages. Despite this, communicable diseases affecting human health are a great threat to public health in many parts of the world. According to the report, almost two million deaths a year are feared to result from diarrheal diseases and other communicable diseases and other conditions that are attributed to unsafe drinking water and lack of basic sanitation. Malaria, a disease whose geographical rage is affected by climate causes an estimated one million deaths annually especially in young children. Mal-nutrition and drought leading to adverse negative effects on human health, is greatly attributed to climate change. In the report, it is estimated that an increase in frequency or intensity of heat waves will increase the risk of mortality and morbidity, especially in old age group and the urban poor. An increase in climate extremes, for instance storm, floods and drought would cause more deaths injuries, population displacement and adverse effects on food production, fresh water availability and an increase in the risk of infectious disease particularly in low income countries. Considering the current trends of emissions to continue, more harm will be done to the environment; air quality will worsen, ozone and other particulate pollutants will increase, increasing mortality and morbidity amongst human beings. From the report, a clear relationship between climate and human health is described, but in it is common knowledge that disease have been here as long as man has existed. It is therefore important to consider and see climate change as a catalyst and not necessary the cause of ill health in human beings. Despite this, more understanding of the extent, rate, limiting forces and major drivers of adaptation of human population to a changing climate is needed. This will reduce the impacts of climate change on human health.

How Can A Serial Killer Change The Medical Field Professor Ramos Blog

How Can A Serial Killer Change The Medical Field An independent general practitioner (GP) named Harold Frederick Shipman was convicted for 15 killings, but in reality, it was up to 200 more victims at his care starting on 1975 to 1998. He prescribed high doses of diamorphine as a pain reliever. He was good at convincing his patients as if he really cared for them. In 1998, he was caught with the case of Mrs. Kathleen Grundy, an 81-year-old active lady who was killed with the lie that she was providing a blood sample to the Manchester’s University research on the aging process. However, she had no idea that it was an excuse from her doctor to obtain her signature and of other two patients to serve as witnesses for a future falsified testament. The next day, the doctor visit her home to take the supposed blood sample. Instead, he injected diamorphine on her veins and silently killed her. On the same day, he changed her medical history to cover his malicious act. Notwithstanding, the solicitant Angela Woodruff was shocked when notified the will arrangements of her mother, Mrs. Grundy, since she had the will in her possession for ten years. She compared the documents and the signature of the witnesses, she noticed that her mother’s wording was not her style and neither did she stated all of her estate possessions in the new will. The police started to investigate Dr. Shipman and found him guilty of more crimes than they expected. The arrest of Dr. Harold Shipman was a contributing factor that leads to an inquiry to make changes in the medical process in areas like the death certificates filling process, the regulation of drugs, and the evaluation of doctors. His nickname suits perfectly to his atrocities, Dr. Death. This monster camouflaged as a respected doctor in the city of Hyde. His monstrosity comes from the number of victims whose clearly exceeds the number of deaths a doctor can have, moreover for an independent one. He made patients trust him and then find the perfect moment to kill them. His patients fell for his hypocrisy, even when he was arrested there were some that still thought of him as a conscientious doctor (â€Å"Dr. Death†). Using the monster theories of Jeffrey Cohen, we see a relationship of this character to thesis three, â€Å"The monster always escapes because it refuses easy categorization†(6). He did not have patients to cure but kill. He disguised his serial killer mind with the professionality everyone seeks in a doctor, caring, responsible, easy to talk to, and available at all times for a medical visit. When the people in charge of the largest funeral firm in Hyde started to suspect the freque nt deaths that happened to be Dr. Shipman’s patients. Debbie Bambroffe one of the directors of the firm saw a pattern. People who died were mostly elderly women, not terminally ill, and found properly dressed in the living room rather than on the bed. For that reason, Alan Massey from the firm went to talk to Shipman, the doctor handed him the register of deaths confidently, and everything looked normal (â€Å"Dr. Death†). This occurred before he was accused of the murder of Mrs. Grundy. Dr. Shipman was prepared for everything that could raise suspicions or, so he thought. He saw flaws in the medical systems and used them to cover his killings. To give some context, at that time when a patient died the doctor to whom the person was attending had to fill the death certificate specifying what he or she believed was the cause of death (â€Å"Learning from tragedy† 8). That is why Mr. Massey did not saw anything strange because Shipman altered the real causes of dea th to cover his traces of murder while earning an extra pay for filling the legal document. For this reason, in the inquiry the government proposed to improve the process of death certification by passing the responsibility to examine the body by an independent medical examiner; who will have access to medical records and talk to the family of the deceased to discuss the cause (â€Å"Learning from Tragedy† 19-20). This was to avoid any alterations on legal documents. In fact, when investigating the cause of death for Mrs. Grundy, the police had to dig the bodies of some patients from the graves and do an autopsy to see a pattern of killing. This is how they officially found that the cause of death was for diamorphine, a drug. During the investigation of Shipman was found a criminal charge for forging prescription of drugs years ago. Since there was a Misuse of Drugs Act in 1971. In 1976 the policy was to not keep controlled drugs, that is why Dr. Death did not have records of where he obtained the drugs. Shipman mentioned that when required he prescribed and picked it from a pharmacy, however, no pharmacy had any history of him asking for drugs. Concluding that he secretly had controlled drugs on his own (â€Å"Harold†). Hence, after his arrest, the government sought ways to control the management of drugs for medical purposes. Therefore, a proposal was to have a new controlled drugs inspectorate, strength an audit trail, limit the people that could prescribe them, as well as having to account an officer responsible of the management of drugs (â€Å"Learning from tragedy† 11, 20). This is another reform that came about because of Dr. Death. Now, controlled drugs prescription is monitored to detect abnormalities in the doses. Plus, the regulations make it difficult to obtain and misuse-controlled drugs. The third effect from Dr. Death is the reevaluation of doctors. Dr. Death had a lot of advantages for having his own clinic, The Surgery. He could make his own schedule, be unsupervised, kill without witnesses, and not be fired for undesirable behavior. Having his case as an example of the damaging implications a doctor can do without strict regulations, the idea of assessing doctors was reinforced. Consisting that â€Å"the GMC [General Medical Council] will be asked to develop clear generic standards to determine whether a doctor is or remains fit to practise [sic]†(â€Å"Learning from Tragedy† 25). Doctors will be periodically assessed on his persona and performance. Probably, if Dr. Death was assessed regularly his criminal charges prior to murder would not have allowed him to continue with his career. This is a good implementation to the medical field since patients need to have the security that the person attending his health is appropriate for the task. From the ory four, â€Å"the monster is difference made flesh, come to dwell among us† (Cohen 7). Harold Shipman represents the fear of death and anxiety to be assisted by a person you know little about. Thus, the new reform might diminish the fear of patients to go to a doctor and the fear of doctors to be called Dr. Death as well. Nearly 23 years of homicides by a doctor. He abused his authority as a member of the medical field and a moment of greed was what caught him. Cohen writes in thesis seven, monsters â€Å" asks us to reevaluate our cultural assumptions† (20). Dr. Shipman brought awareness on the security of the history of patients and raised questions on how a person could kill without almost any suspicions for so long. He was a ‘professional’ monster whose patients probably had a smile on their face for believing he was saving them. No one would have thought he was a serial killer, he looked like a normal person. He is England’s most infamous criminal. â€Æ' Annotated Bibliography Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Monster Theory: Reading Culture. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. I used it as a scholarly use to describe why is he a monster. â€Å"Dr. Death Harold Shipman.† YouTube, Jun. 2018, youtu.be/vODNjhGnSok. In the documentary, the story of Harold Shipman is told by members of the police who investigated his case, the staff of the funeral service, patients or family of the dead patient, school friends, and the priest. For all of them was a surprise the assumable conscientious doctor was a murderer. The information can serve me to describe how people perceived the behavior of the doctor before any arrest and how they find out his mal-intentioned actions. I might rely on it as a primary source of my research. â€Å"Harold Shipman’s clinical practice 1974–1998† Department of Health, murderpedia.org/male.S/images/shipman-harold/reports/shipman-clinical-practice.pdf It is a report of the clinical audit of Shipman’s case. It outlines the registered patients, the cremation forms, the restricted drugs, the pattern of deaths, and a summary of the case. I used this source to describe the problems of the management of drugs and how Shipman was able to prescribe that many drugs. It is reliable since it was created by members of the clinical department. â€Å"Learning from Tragedy, Keeping Patients Safe Overview of the Government’s Action Programme in Response to the Recommendations of the Shipman Inquiry†. Crown Copyright. Feb. 2007, assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228886/7014.pdf. I liked this text because it explains medical processes and compares it to the case of Shipman. I will use it to point out flaws in the system at the time. It is credible because is presented to Parliament by the Home Secretary and the Secretary of State for Health by Command of Her Majesty. Photos Cole, Clarissa. â€Å"Harold Shipman – ‘Paging Doctor Death!.† The Criminal Code, 18 July 2017, thecriminalcode.com/index.php/2017/07/18/harold-shipman-paging-doctor-death/. Harold Shipman.† Guts and Gore, 27 Dec. 2012, gutsandgore.co.uk/harold-shipman/. â€Å"The Dying Art Of Courtroom Art.† The Unravelling Of Al Cook, 15 Oct. 2013, alancook.wordpress.com/2013/10/15/the-dying-art-of-courtroom-art/. â€Å"Times opinion.† Times Opinion on Tumblr, 19 July 2012, timesopinion.tumblr.com/post/27513111067/dr-harold-shipman-britains-most-prolific-serial.

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Reflection paper - Essay Example The checklists consisted of items that highlight the characteristic behaviors that can be observed with the student and is associated with the disorder such as inattentiveness and poor organization. A section for other learning problems and family history was also given in the checklist. Finally, a free-flow box was also made available and is intended for checklist users to express further comments and explanations about the student. The next part of the chapter delved on the two types of ADD, its causes, analogous illnesses, co-morbidity, and intervention team. According to Hannell (2006), an individual with ADD can exhibit as an Inattentive Type, Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, or a combination of both. Inattentive individuals typically daydream and fail to finish classroom tasks. Meanwhile, the hyperactive-impulsive types are those who are restless, talkative, and sometimes destructive. Hannell (2006) revealed that the cause of ADD is usually attributed to genetic factors and some food link. In the normal course of development, individuals may show the same symptoms for the disorder but are usually in more intense degrees. Giftedness, emotional and behavioral disturbances, and epilepsy may be quite similar to ADD but is not qualified as such. ADD also co-exists with learning disabilities, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Lastly, teachers, behavior management specialists, and pediatricians are involved in helping the student with ADD. Before taking on any appointment with a student with ADD, it is imperative that a counselor get his hands on as much in-depth information as he can about the intricacies of the disorder. In this way, he will know the best way to communicate with a child or adolescent with the condition during the counseling session. Considering that they have special needs, the typical counseling approaches may not work well with them. But with adequate

Educational Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Educational Evaluation - Essay Example This would provide an opportunity to introduce the standards to teachers and allow them to infuse them into their curriculum and develop assessment based on their understanding of the critical/creative thinking standards. 4. Allow teachers the time to use these strategies and assessment principles in their classrooms in an attempt to help them develop their own individuality when designing and assessing instruction while at the same time providing them with innovative experimentation. 5. Reunite with teachers to dialogue about what they thought was effective and ineffective, their evaluation of the critical thinking standards, and what barriers they felt impeded their abilities to utilize this manner of instruction and assessment. Having a healthy dialogue with teachers about critical/creative thinking and then affording them the time to utilize methods and strategies for teaching and assessing thinking would allow teachers to think about and identify their own practices. Building metacognitive opportunities into the process, would allow teachers to think creatively and intellectually about their own teaching processes. This would motivate them to recognize what they thought was valuable and what they thought should be changed in their curriculum and instructional methods, along with recognizing where they might be able to learn more about critical and creative thinking and instruction. All good decisions and solutions to problems require a clear understanding of what the actual problem is. Helping students separate causes from solutions, symptoms from problems, and sub-problems from real problems is essential for teaching students to think critically. For example, defining the wrong problem can send a student down the wrong path to, at a minimum, irrelevant solutions, and ensure that she will not understand the subject matter or concepts she is examining. Helping students define problems to take what they are learning and phrase inquiry in the form of questions to be answered through research and collaboration is a goal of critical instruction. Helping students see the goals and objectives in what they are studying is essential to help them understand subject matter. Many problems with students' understanding of, for example, biology or history come with the fact that they do not know why they are studying biology or history what biologists and historians attempt to accomplish through their scholarly endeavors. By not identifying the goals contained within various disciplines, students cannot be expected to understand the discipline as a system. For example, without understanding what a biologist seeks to accomplish by studying cells, let's say, the student cannot possibly hope to identify biological problems in the area of cellular formation or development. It cannot be taken for granted that students understand what historians, biologists, mathematicians, artists, or journalists do; in fact, it should be assumed the opposite and engage students in discussions as to the purposes behind studying one subject or another. Simi larly,

Psychology-Facial Feedback Hypothesis Experiment Replication Coursework

Psychology-Facial Feedback Hypothesis Experiment Replication - Coursework Example The two groups of five were taken into two different rooms and I briefed them on what they should do. Group A was the group that held the pens in their teeth and Group B is the group that held the pen in their lips. After a few minutes I received the results. Group B’s average rating was around 3.4 as Group A’s average rating was 4.2. However, I took an extra step, I called upon other friends and family members who have not taken the exam or know anything about the experiment. I had them repeat the test and the result were as follows: Group B’s Rating was 3.3 and Group A’s rating was 3.9. Group A had rated the strip to be funny compared to the other group which rated as average. With this I can conclude that Fritz Strack’s Hypothesis is right. This test does show that holding a pen in one’s teeth makes jokes funnier, but why? I believe that the working muscle groups can cause discomfort. When holding the pen in the teeth a person does not need much strain to keep the pen in place. Holding the pen by the lips however requires balancing and applying a firm hold with muscles that are generally weak. On the other hand, it is believed that smiling can make a person happy. Can a person holding the pen by their teeth horizontally affect his/her reaction to humor? Is there a different reaction if they hold the pen pointing out of the mouth? Possible external effects could include wallpapers. Wallpapers can be of different colors and designs. Colors are known to affect the human emotion; blue induces calm while orange induces excitement. Objects in the rooms and their states can also affect psyche. Other effects could be how the people in the groups react to humor. Some people easily find humor in simple situations and my family are of that kind. The consistency of the results could improve by conducting repeated tests on different groups. In order to pick up better results, I could have experimented to find an answer to these questions. I could

EU LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU LAW - Coursework Example In this regards, Article 21 states that there should not be any discrimination with respect to religion, colour, cultural or social origin, generic features, language, political faith, minority, property, disability, age and gender (Pearson Education, n.d.). Principles of Directive 2004/38 Article 6 denotes that EU Citizens have the right of residence on the area of other EU member nations for a period up to three month (Europa, 2004). Hence, considering the principles stated in Article 6 of EU Law, as an EU citizen, Sally has the right to reside in Spain for employment purposes for three months. However, if Sally desires to remain in Spain for over 3 months, there is a need for registering herself with any of the relevant governmental bodies in the region such as â€Å"town hall† or â€Å"local police station†. ... The Directive principles have also been pursued for eliminating needless limitations on the â€Å"Free Movement of Workers†. This directive principle has perpetually narrowed the pathway for employees, so that they can search for work in any other EU nations. On the basis of Directive 2004/38/EC, the people of EU can authorise their existence in any of the EU nations within a rational and unbiased span of time. However, depending on the duration to reside in foreign nations, other procedures also require to be fulfilled (European Parliament, n.d.). Case 48/75 Royer under Directive 2004/38 -14(4) (b) The case of Royer provides significant insight about the free movement of workers. The case agrees that freedom of institution of self-employed person and autonomy to offer services are all reinforced by the injunction of discrimination with respect to nationality. In the case, it has been depicted that freedom of employees depend on the similar principles as they concern the entry and reside into other EU nation which has been considered within the community regulations and the preventions of all judgements which is majorly based on racial differences (Tovey, 2003). Article 18 TFEU The subject matter of Article 18 TFEU is to implement initiatives with the aim to combat discrimination on the basis of nationality. To be precise, this article states that the right of individuals will not be differentiated with respect to race which is considered as the fundamental principle of EU law (Pearson Education, n.d.). Article 6 of Regulation 1612/68 In the year 1968, the â€Å"Council of European Communities† sanctioned â€Å"Council

Managing service delivery in health and social care

Managing service delivery in health and social care Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of receiving people together to accomplish preferred goals and objectives using obtainable resources efficiently and effectively. Management includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing and controlling an organization or struggle for the purpose of achieving a goal. Basic functions of management: Management activates through numerous roles, often categorized as planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. Planning is determining what wants to happen in the future and creating plans for action. Organizing means making finest use of the resources required to enable the fruitful carrying out of plans. Staffing can define as job examining, recruitment, and hiring individuals for suitable jobs. Leading is determining what needs to be done in a condition and getting people to do it. Controlling means testing progress against plans. Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because without motivation, employees cannot work effectively. If motivation doesnt take place in an organization then employees may not pay to the other functions. Introduction to healthcare management: Managing in healthcare is the field connecting to leadership, management and administration of hospitals, hospital networks and healthcare system. Healthcare managers are considered healthcare professionals. Healthcare is a very significant subject. Nowadays the field of healthcare is changing at a very quick pace. Healthcare is not only becoming more luxurious, but is undergoing abrupt changes due to the introduction of new medical technologies on a daily basis. As more and more people are now becoming conscious of the healthcare argument that is going on in the country, it is becoming progressively important that the general public recognize the changes that healthcare is going through, and how managing healthcare is the only way to make sure that people are well taken care of. Background of healthcare managing service delivery: In the United States, the first current health systems management program was established in 1934 at the University of Chicago. At the time, programs were finished in two years- one year of official graduate study and one year of residency. In 1958, the Sloan program at Cornell University began donation a program demanding two years of formal study, which remains the leading structure in the United States and Canada today. In 1978, as part of an exertion to establish healthcare management as an autonomous occupation, the first modern practitioner- teacher model graduate program was established at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. Health systems management has been defined as a hidden health occupation because of the comparatively low profile role manager take in health systems, in compassion to direct-care professions such as nursing and medicine. However the discernibility of the management occupation within healthcare has been increasing in current years, due largely to the common problems developed countries are having in balancing cost, across and quality in their hospitals and health systems. Education and training for healthcare management: A masters degree is considered the standard credential for most health managers in the United States. There are numerous known degree types that are considered same from the perspective of specialized preparation. The commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education (CAHME) is the recognizing body overseeing masters level programs in the United States and Canada on behalf of the United States Department of Education. If recognizes several degree program categories, including Master of Health Services Administration (MHSA), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Health Administration (MHA), Master of Public Health (MPH, MSPH, MSHPM), Master of Science (MS-HSM, MS-HA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA). Professional Organizations related to healthcare management: There are many professional associations connected to health systems management, which can be subcategorized as either personal or institutional membership groups. Personal membership groups are joined by individuals, and typically have individual talent and career development as their focus. Greater personal membership groups contain the American College of Healthcare Executives, the Healthcare Financial Management Association, and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society. Official membership groups are joined by organizations; they characteristically focus on organizational effectiveness, and may also comprise data-sharing agreements and additional best- practice sharing vehicles for member organizations. Prominent examples contain the American Hospital Association and the University Health systems consortium. Roles of Managing healthcare: There are numerous roles in managing healthcare. Some of them are pay attention to Medical Shoppers, turn workers into problem solvers, speak up beneficially (Managerial practices that elicit results from front-line employees, maintain the mental health, widening focus, pay attention for side effects, healthcare examination and prospects and using of internet ,etc. Workers must use the system to speak up when they meet a problem. Managers obtain extra value when reporters speak up constructively by proposing suggestions that facilitate process development. Managers can encourage employees to speak up about difficulties and they can encourage them to offer solutions. When managers had been more practical in responding to occasion reports, there was a better probability that staff would share their suggestions and actions taken to resolve the underlying problems, which is very valuable data for managers because they are not likely to be able to get this information elsewhere. How can front-line workers be encouraged to speak up when they know how to enlarge an organizations operation processes? This question is mostly urgent in healthcare industry, where difficulties happen often and consequences range from insignificant inconveniences to serious patient damage. This is more effective in departments whose managers are less involved in problem solving. Efforts at the organizational level can compensate for managers who cannot or do not produce an environment that stimulates front-line workers to speak up. Over and above the human cost triggered by deaths and suffering during a time of struggle, stairs of conflict are often left in poor financial circumstances and mental-health suffering even after the conflict finishes. While considerable attention has been paid to post-war rules with regard to recovery in physical and human capital, mental health has received comparatively less attention. Mental health is insignificant dimension of human capital. Mental health suffering, while a trouble of concern in and of itself, might also have adverse consequences for individuals labor force participation and labor output in the post-conflict period, thereby delaying financial recovery after the conflict ends. Understanding the efforts of focus and spillovers might help hospitals determine how they should balance focusing in a single medical area with building expertise in connected areas. Hospitals dedicating a bigger portion of their business to giving patients in related service groups (i.e. those with the potential for knowledge spillovers) skill higher returns to specialization in a focal facility. Ultimately, those results offer a potential description for why there might be declining returns to focusing an organization on a single operating activity (or narrow set of activities), mainly when it is possible to participate in other activities that accompaniment the organizations area of concentration. Managers can study from an understanding of how doctors think. There might be more significant implications for managers in the methods that doctors are trained. Many resemblances can note between the thinking of medical and management practitioners and the environment in which it is carried out. Doctors hurry when the disease is serious, managers when met with little time and pressure to get things done; managers fail to think well and so make poor conclusions. Doctors are trained troubleshooters. It takes many years to study to operate using such a scientific method in answering problems. Managers focus on making resolutions with slight information, not through a rigorous review of the facts. Though the Internet has woven itself into most aspects of life, limited fields have modified if more vigorously, and at times controversially, than healthcare. Managers can use internet facilities to give a better management. Healthcare and the internet are suited for each other, because no one needs to pay for either. The healthcare field is emerging as one of the busiest laboratories for exciting now business models and the risks are high indeed. While supplying patient care has always been a primary aim of healthcare organizations, financial results have long been the metric by which success is measured. Progressively, however, healthcare leaders are being held accountable for both medical and economic outcomes. As a result, it is crucial that healthcare executives and suppliers gain an understanding of the determinants of organizational effectiveness- strategy, finance, operations and leadership. Management theories in social care: Management theory is a widespread term which is used lightly to refer to research discoveries, frameworks, propositions, beliefs, views, saws and suggestions, all of which seek to describe how managers should manage. There are a number of theories about managing service delivery in social care. Some of them are Bureaucracy theory, scientific management theory, Administrative theory, Human relations theory, Neo-human relations theory and Guru Theory, etc. Max Webers theory of bureaucracy was established in a historical- philosophical context. His interests were in the process of social modification, and in particular, in the effect of rationality on religious thought and capitalism. By rationality he meant the kind of action or mode of organizing in which goals are clearly conceived and all conduct, except that designated to reach the specific goal, is rejected. The application of his idea of rationality to the organizational context is what secured this social scientists pre- eminent location in modern management thought. The term that Weber applied to the organizational form built upon pure legal- rational authority was bureaucracy. The Weber and model of bureaucracy gives a steady and predictable world which supplies the blueprint for rational designed structures in which rational individuals carry out their roles and actions. For Weber, the bureaucratic form of organization possessed the features of specialization, hierarchy, rule s, impersonality, full- time officials, career focus and a split between public and private activity. Developed at the starting of the twentieth century, Frederick Winslow Taylors theory of scientific management focused upon shop floor organization, and upon the methods that could be used to exploit the productivity of manual workers. Scientific management principals such as a perfect division of task and responsibilities between management and workers, scientific choice and training of workers, development of the one- best- way of working, and the application of financial incentives, all remain to be used to this day. The primary focus of administrative theory was on the determination of which types of specialization and hierarchy would enhance the efficiency of organizations. The theory is constructed around the four central pillars- the division of labor, the scalar and useful processes organizational structure, and the span- of- control. The role of managing service delivery in social care: Managers in social work want to have several talents. Some of them are good vision which is informed by connecting service users and other partners, ability to lead and support staff to work with service users and their careers to influence service development and outcomes, take responsibility and be accountable for good training, ability to influence a wide range of stakeholders to promote a social model of care and its values and they should be able to deal with the conflicts, pressures, and gate- keeping roles in managing social work services, taking account of individual and community heeds. Frameworks for delivery in social care: A framework for leadership and management progress wants to be broad in its scope given the breadth of change that is already taking place across social work services and the demands this creates for effective leadership and management. The framework should therefore address the following areas, professional and practice management, political management, strategic management, operational management, academic management and citizen management. Implementation of management in social care: Evaluation of the outline for leadership and management development as it is implemented is also recommended to ensure that it reaches the goals identified, meets the identified needs and that it continues to be relevant. Evaluation will be dangerous to understanding what is successful and where blockages happen. This will assist in identifying what additional action is wanted to ensure empowering and enabling leadership and effective management is in place to deliver improved results for users and careers. Challenges of managing service delivery in social care: A major challenge for leadership and management across social work services is one of change management. To deliver the vision set out in the 21st century social work review needs transforming how we think about services, how we deliver those services and a shared view of what the changes we are seeking to make should deliver. Beginning the right culture and climate for change to implement the review successfully is critical to its achievement. Conclusion: With a better managing service delivery we can develop health and social care more successfully.

Emilia’s Perspective on Betrayal in Relationships in Shakespeare’s Othe

Emilia’s Perspective on Betrayal in Relationships in Shakespeare’s Othello In Othello, Act IV, scene ii and iii, Emilia, Iago’s wife, reveals her opinion about relationships to the reader as she attempts to comfort Desdemona. She indefinitely believes that many men, as well as women, are frequently guilty of deception and betrayal of their partner. By this part of the play, Othello’s suspicions of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness have greatly increased, and he begins to accuse her of cheating on him. When Desdemona persistently denies his accusations, Othello becomes enraged. He sarcastically asks for her pardon and claims that he took her to be the â€Å"cunning whore of Venice† (Act IV, scene ii, line 88). Desdemona is heartbroken by her husband’s mockery and seeks Emilia’s kind words. Emilia insists that female innocence and chastity is overrated when Desdemona scolds herself for her unworthiness of Othello. Emilia subtly suggests that Desdemona should leave Othello and seek happiness elsewhere. Emilia states in Act IV, scene iii, lines 83-85, â€Å"...’tis a wrong in your own world, and ...

Our Relationship with Others.. Essay

â€Å"Our relationships with others help define who we are† In trying to make sense of ourselves we often look to others and our relationships with them to help us. Our first relationships are with our family. Their influence is often vital to our self- definition. These relationships can give us a sense of who we are and where we have come from and it is often comforting to know we are part of something bigger. Often these relationships are positive, but they can also be negative. Being rejected by our family is not wanted but it can have a big impact on who we are and how we live our lives. It can test our strength of character. As we move through to adulthood and start to gain a greater insight into who we are, we often look to others outside the family and they too can have a lasting influence on us. The people we meet and the experiences we share with them are crucial to our development as individuals. We need to cross these relationships carefully as we balance our uniqueness with conforming to keep those around us happy. Our family strongly influence the sense of who we are and our behavior, family is a part of who we are. What we first connect with is our parents and our family. What our parents said and what they did will influence our behaviour. In the film Skin, Sandra’s father Abraham told Sandra ‘Never give up’ and he never gave up reclassifying Sandra to be white. All of these influence Sandra, even though she left him for nearly 30 years, Sandra still remembered and did as what he said. It made her try to connect with her mother even though she never get her mother write back and Petrus was angry about this, but she never gave up. In the end of the film when Sandra’s children question why she bothers to look for her white family, Sandra said ‘You never stop needing your parents, they are party of who you are.’ For me, my parents influenced me a lot. For example, my mum had always played sport as a young girl and teenager and even now she still plays, an d this has influenced me because I now play or have played every sport that she has, and she is now the coach of my netball team. Where we find happiness is where we belong. Sometimes we need to try to find where we really belong, where people accept us and care for us. In the film  Skin, Sandra was rejected by her father because of her falling in love with Petrus. When she was rejected by her family she felt sad and confused, but she felt she did not belong in the white group and that she will never accepted by the white people, she felt happy when she stayed with Petrus, she had asked Petus ‘how could you make me feel better’ what Petrus did is he just accepted her. When she was rejected by her family Sandra chose to live with Petrus and found out that she was belonging to black community. What Sandra did is try to find where she really did belong, where she will be treated equality and be accepted. When Petrus found out that Sandra keep in touch with her mother, he got angry with Sandra he suspected her loyalty, he rejected her, and Sandra had to take her two children and left Petrus, to try t o find other places where she will have her happiness and make her felt like she belonged. Our sense identity also is influenced by other people, what other people say to us, say about us and how they act around us will change our sense of identity. When we move through to adulthood and start to gain a greater insight into who we are, we usually change our sense of identity by some outside influence. In the film Skin, when Abraham tried to put Sandra into a white school, what happened to her in the school changes herself identity. Sandra did not even know she was coloured unstill she started school where she was the target of prejudice, racism and abuse because the staff and students questioned her status as ‘white ’. When Sandra lived in the boarding, one of a little girl said to Sandra ‘They said you are black.’ When Sandra had maths class the teacher hit her and said she was ‘disgusting’, etc. What happened to her let Sandra know that she is not white, she is coloured and she will never got in the white community. All of these chan ged Sandra, when we can see that even at nearly 30 years old Sandra still feels inadequate, when she talks with people and she’s afraid look at others eye to eye.

Global Missions Paper Essay

In this essay I will analyzes Escobar’s thesis and compares and contrasts his theological contribution with other theologians. I will discussion Escobar’s contextual approach as compared/contrasted in relation to one theological theme with two other contemporary theologians. I will summarize how Escobar’s overall theological contribution either expands or challenges the theological perspectives of the two theologians chosen. Lastly, I will look at how these perspectives would influence my ministry if I were in a culturally diverse ministry setting. In 1970 there was a group of theologists who came together and wanting to liberate themselves from a traditional fundamentalist view; they formed The Latin American Theology Fraternity called The International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. There hope was to establish their own identity within the fraternity because it was not tied to anything else. They received the chance to speak at a worldwide mixed denomination situation where they each deliberated spiritual matters that connected with the hardships of the Latin American people. In 1973 the Chicago Declaration was an effort to balance civic responsibility with Christian belief. Twenty years later as crisis arose it was renewed. Samuel Escobar was a leader who was among the first to know that a special methodology was necessary to get people to work together based on shared beliefs. His theology is structured by reevaluating Biblical disclosures and relating them to both social and political realities as he aims his concentr ation on a theology of mission work. In his book The New Global Mission I read about his lengthy thoughts on this matter. In there he is able to consider a new missionary drive and explores how he thinks evangelical mission work ought to be done. The Christian church’s mission on a more global front is to bring together believers from around the world. Escobar established a theology which started with the fraternity that merged social, church and state. Escobar understood that evolving cultures may not  always be in line with traditional Christian beliefs. Missionary work needs to investigate each new situation for the best possible outcome of all involved. Escobar proposed a missionary work that assigns the bond faith with in its tasks. He hails the success of spiritual works as integral to a mission. The overall effort must bring forth the involvement of each person who desires to share their faith socially. The projected outcome would be a church able to combine its mission objective with the desire to share its faith with others. Contextual theology disputes the differences of who and when theological literature was written. Theology also argues the contextual change in the setting. As the need arises to interpret various new religious questions new theology is formulated. Evangelicals now try to relate the theology to mission work in a framework that recognizes cultural changes. Escobar’s theology is said to have incorporated both social science and Biblical revelation. He was an avid supporter for the Bible and started the basis for the theology of mission work. He believed that working missionaries carry out the work as noted in evangelical revelations. The early theologian did not attempt to relate passages in the bible to the current events of the world. Escobar meet with both Pannenberg and Moltmann on this topic. Moltmann believed theology needed to relate to experiences in life. Pannenberg does not view this issue as relevant. He knew that the scriptures stated for followers to await a specific moment in time when the final truth, that which we cannot understand with limited knowledge would be revealed to us. Moltmann’s theology is grounded in biblical descriptions to him the scriptures are more than mere tales, they are real historical events and should be clarified as such. Pannenberg’s view on Biblical history is very much the same. Grenz when asked summarized Pannenberg’s theology as a notion of faith which is not a way of knowing in addition to reason but it is grounded in public historical knowledge. Both theologians offer their interpretations of the Bible not by considering it a legend but by claiming its historicity and its accurateness. The role of the gospel is also stressed by Escobar just like the other two theologians he approaches the issues by considering the Scriptures first, the world and how the Scriptures apply to the issue. Theology might not necessarily be dependent on the Bible but it tries to imply a need for  knowledge and understanding of God. Evangelicals and missionaries would be inconceivable without the Bible. Escobar argues that evangelicals must first acknowledge that they themselves have a long way to go in terms of deepening their understanding of biblical based mission work. In order to establish this as valid they must base it on sound biblical teachings. Escobar goes on to further state that theology history and the social science are useful as tools used for better understanding of God’s word and for contemporary mission work but only God’s Word that is inspired and always able to renew the mission. Escobar relates theology to history as he correlates these to sciences which are substantially valid for providing rational arguments in regards to the existence or the non existence of God. Many scientists disregard the Biblical truth as actual fact and indeed are moreinclined to read the Scripture as fantasy instead of historical true events. Evangelicals who are without adequate historical awareness or biblical training are subjected to making mistakes. He goes on to further emphasize that criticism must stand as the instrument of correction. The most basic convictions must remain a solid ground for evangelists and they must learn to embrace and sustain what is critical nature. When confronted with a setting that encompasses different cultures and we need to relate the Biblical truth in a way that is comprehensible and accurate for everyone we need to draw a line between what we think is valid and what individuals who are part of different cultures regard as such. We may stand solid for a certain group of individuals but it may not be relevant to a different group of people. It is with in this understanding that contextual theology is able to relate and the situation relates to the Bible being multi-cultural for all people. The Bible was written above culture and stands for everyone. In this sense working within a multi cultureal environment requires one to gain thourough knowledge of specific cultures while being open to sugesstions and having the ability to realate those ideas to traditional Biblical truths. Reference: Escobar, S. (2002). â€Å"Changing Tides: Latin America and World Mission Today,†Orbis Books Escobar, S. (2011). â€Å"A Time for Mission: The Challenge for Global Christianity,† InterVarsity Press Ford, David F., ed. (1997). â€Å"The Modern Theologians: An Introduction to Christian theology in the twentieth century (2nd ed.)†. Malden, MA Grenz, S.J. (1988). â€Å"Wolfhart Pannenberg’s quest for untimate truth† Religion online. Retrieved August 20, 2014 Grenz, S. J., & Olson, R. E. (1992). 20th-century theology: God and the world in a transitional age. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.